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Horse profile

Chef De Troupe (FR)

12yo gelding (at last run, Jul 2025) · Last trainer Tony Forbes · Last owner Tony Forbes
by Air Chief Marshal (IRE) out of Tazminya (GB) (Fantastic Light)
60 runs · 21 courses · from Mar 2016
As at 27 Oct 2026 · KTB archive: GB, Ireland & France · 2005–present, updated daily
No run recorded since 22 Jul 2025 — 462 days ago. Our archive can't say whether the horse is still in training.
Last run Jul 2025 · 9th of 10 9 wins · 6 courses Last raced off OR 45
KTB Profile

Chef De Troupe won nine of 60 starts with all but one victory over 1m5f – 2m. Eight of those wins came in handicaps or claimers between Class 4 and Class 6 on turf and all-weather surfaces. He gained his last success in a Class 4 handicap hurdle at Uttoxeter on soft ground in May 2024 off an official rating of 88. Aged 12 at his last run in Jul 2025 he finished 9 of 10 at Wolverhampton off 45, 81lb below his highest ever mark of 126.

Based on 60 archived runs · run-style from 4 commented runs since Apr 2025 · updated 27 Oct 2026
KTB at a glance OR ↓ 81lb off peak
Official rating45↓ 81lb off peak
45 45–126

KTB Speed and Rating

KTB Speed

Best recent Speed 93 the best of the last 3 graded (A or B) runs · Wolverhampton (AW), 26 Apr 2025

How fast the horse ran, as points against the day-corrected standard time for its course and distance: 100 is the median GB Class 4 handicap winner on that code; one point is 0.1% of the standard time. A, B or C is how much the day's card could tell us, not how good the run was. What this means →

Flat 24 figures · best 111A · median 84.5
GoingRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
Standard (AW)19111A87—
Good to Firm380C63—
Good to Soft1———
Good1———
DistanceRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
1m5f – 2m20111A87.5—
1m2f – 1m4f480C65.5—
Jumps 24 figures · best 136A · median 94
GoingRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
Good15120A96—
Good to Soft6136A102.5—
Soft2102A95.5—
Good to Firm1———
DistanceRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
1m5f – 2m20136A97—
2m1f – 2m4f492A87—

Of 53 runs looked at, 5 have no figure: did not complete (3) · obstacles omitted — the race ran a shortened course (2).

KTB Speed v1 · batch 15 Sep 2026 · GB & Irish racing only · 48 figures from 53 runs · as at 3 Oct 2026 · a record, not a forecast

KTB Rating

Best recent KTB Rating (flat) 50A the best of the last 3 rated runs · Wolverhampton (AW), 19 May 2025 Official rating 45 at the last flat run, 22 Jul 2025

Best recent KTB Rating (jumps) 115B the best of the last 3 rated runs · Uttoxeter, 26 May 2024 Official rating 97 at the last jumps run, 17 Jul 2024

What the horse achieved in each race, in pounds on the official-rating scale, from the weight carried, the lengths beaten and the race's own level solved across the archive — never the market, never the official rating as a starting point. The headline is the best of the horse's last three rated runs on that code. A, B or C on a run is how much known form was in that race. What this means →

Flat 24 figures · best 71A · median 53.5
GoingRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
Standard (AW)1969A54—
Good to Firm361B48—
Good to Soft1———
Good1———
DistanceRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
1m5f – 2m2071A55.5—
1m2f – 1m4f461B50.5—
Jumps 26 figures · best 147A · median 111
GoingRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
Good15143B105—
Good to Soft6147A124.5—
Soft3115B113—
Heavy1———
Good to Firm1———
DistanceRunsBestMedianSince 27 Oct 2025
1m5f – 2m22147A114.5—
2m1f – 2m4f4104A99—

Of 53 runs looked at, 3 have no figure: did not complete (or a non-runner row) (3).

KTB Rating v1 · batch 3 Oct 2026 · GB & Irish racing only · 50 figures from 53 runs · as at 4 Oct 2026 · a record, not a forecast

Both figures are KTB's own, computed from the archive; no vendor rating enters either. Every run's figure is on its form line below with its grade. Grades measure how much the archive could see, never the merit of the run.

Run style from 4 analysed runs since Apr 2025

  • Held up 4 (100%) · 0 wins

Pedigree intelligence

Sire

Progeny in our archive have won 8.6% of 1,983 runs since Jan 2008 (190 horses).

Weakest on standard (aw) going: 5.2% from 672. Strongest over 1m5f – 2m (all codes): 14.3% from 266. Weakest over 1m – 1m1f (all codes): 5.3% from 565.

GoingRunsWinsSRvs sireThis horse
Good to Firm19315.8%+7.20 from 4
Good3874311.1%+2.53 from 20
Good to Soft282289.9%+1.32 from 10
Soft437429.6%+12 from 5
Heavy1851910.3%+1.70 from 2
Standard (AW)672355.2%−3.42 from 19
Distance (all codes)RunsWinsSRvs sireThis horse
Under 6f4124.9%−3.7—
6f – 7f280196.8%−1.8—
1m – 1m1f565305.3%−3.3—
1m2f – 1m4f609487.9%−0.71 from 11
1m5f – 2m2663814.3%+5.78 from 44
2m1f – 2m4f1551912.3%+3.70 from 5
2m5f – 3m35720%+11.4—
Over 3m32721.9%+13.3—

Flat and jumps together (all codes) · since Jan 2008 · as at 27 Oct 2026 · rows under 30 runs muted · win % is the measure, a record not a forecast

Dam
Tazminya (GB) (Fantastic Light)

2 siblings in the archive, 1 winner — best of them Tazka (FR) (2 wins).

The wins came over 2m1½f–2m5½f; the highest grade won is Class 4 (Tazka (FR)).

ProduceRunsWinsWin tripsBest grade
Tazka (FR)2222m1½f–2m5½fClass 4
Tazlie (FR)10——

Record by conditions

GoingRunsWinsSR£1
Good 20 3 15% −12.43
Standard (AW) 19 2 11% +19.00
Good to Soft 10 2 20% −1.09
Soft 5 2 40% +17.50
Good to Firm 4 0 0% −4.00
Heavy 2 0 0% −2.00

ClassRunsWinsSR£1
Class 5 20 4 20% −10.52
Class 6 16 2 13% +22.00
Class 4 12 2 17% +14.00
Class 3 3 0 0% −3.00
Class 2 1 0 0% −1.00
Class 1 1 0 0% −1.00

CourseRunsWinsSR£1
Wolverhampton (AW) 15 2 13% +23.00
Uttoxeter 11 2 18% +9.57
Southwell (AW) 4 0 0% −4.00
Huntingdon 3 2 67% +3.00
Stratford 3 0 0% −3.00
Leicester 3 0 0% −3.00
Worcester 3 0 0% −3.00
Perth 3 1 33% +4.00
Saint-Cloud (FR) 3 0 0% −3.00
Haydock 1 0 0% −1.00
Nottingham 1 0 0% −1.00
Hexham 1 0 0% −1.00
Taunton 1 0 0% −1.00
Sandown 1 0 0% −1.00
Market Rasen 1 0 0% −1.00
Southwell 1 1 100% +0.91
Warwick 1 0 0% −1.00
Maisons-Laffitte (FR) 1 0 0% −1.00
Craon 1 0 0% −1.00
Nantes (FR) 1 0 0% −1.00
Saint-Brieuc 1 1 100% +2.50

DistanceRunsWinsSR£1
1m5f – 2m 44 8 18% +29.48
1m2f – 1m4f 11 1 9% −7.50
2m1f – 2m4f 5 0 0% −5.00

JockeyRunsWinsSR£1
Sam Twiston-Davies 11 3 27% −0.09
Chris Ward 10 2 20% +13.00
William Cox 4 1 25% +19.00
Joe Leavy 3 0 0% −3.00
Tristan Durrell 3 0 0% −3.00
Josephine Gordon 2 0 0% −2.00
Eoin Walsh 2 0 0% −2.00
Rob Hornby 2 0 0% −2.00
Christian Howarth 2 0 0% −2.00
Charlie Hammond 2 0 0% −2.00
Sean Bowen 2 1 50% −0.43
Mme Maryline Eon 2 0 0% −2.00
Mlle Maryline Eon 2 0 0% −2.00
Mr Sam Burton 1 0 0% −1.00
Elle-May Croot 1 0 0% −1.00
Mr Cameron Hillhouse 1 0 0% −1.00
Miss Heidi Palin 1 1 100% +14.00
Gina Mangan 1 0 0% −1.00
Aled Beech 1 0 0% −1.00
Callum Hutchinson 1 0 0% −1.00
Cillin Leonard 1 0 0% −1.00
Liam Keniry 1 0 0% −1.00
Richard Johnson 1 0 0% −1.00
Aurelien Lemaitre 1 0 0% −1.00
Guillaume Fourrier 1 0 0% −1.00
Adrien Fouassier 1 1 100% +2.50

HeadgearRunsWinsSR£1
None 58 9 16% +18.98
Tongue tie 1 0 0% −1.00
Cheekpieces 1 0 0% −1.00

SeasonRunsWinsSR£1
2025 4 0 0% −4.00
2024 5 1 20% +14.00
2023 4 1 25% +11.00
2022 14 2 14% +13.00
2021 9 0 0% −9.00
2020 6 2 33% +3.00
2019 8 2 25% −4.52
2018 3 0 0% −3.00
2017 4 0 0% −4.00
2016 3 1 33% +0.50

TypeRunsWinsSR£1
Flat 31 3 10% +10.50
Hurdle 29 6 21% +6.48

Splits include every sample, however small — muted rows are under 3 runs. A one-from-one record is a fact, not a trend: read the Runs column before the strike rate.

Form

DateCourseRace PosBtn Wgt ORSpdKTB Jockey SP
2025 · 4 runs
22 Jul 25+36d Wolverhampton (AW) HighBet 30 Free Sports Bonus Amateur Jockeys' Handicap Class 6 · 14f · Standard · 10 ran Poor break - settled at back of field - already toiling with 4f left - never landed a blow late on - finished ninth 9/10 5½ 10-9 4579C44C Mr Sam Burton 50/1
16 Jun 25+28d Wolverhampton (AW) Get Raceday Ready Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 9 ran Held up towards rear from the off - never involved in the finish - come home well held in 6th 6/9 4 8-4 4579B47A Josephine Gordon 80/1
19 May 25+23d Wolverhampton (AW) Weekend Winners On At The Races Apprentice Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 12 ran Held up at the back - never a threat - well held in 9th 9/12 2¼ 9-0 4687B50A Elle-May Croot 28/1
26 Apr 25+283d Wolverhampton (AW) Free Tips Daily On attheraces.com Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 8 ran Slow into stride - settled towards rear of the field - unable to land a blow - come home fifth 5/8 ½ 9-1 4793A57A Josephine Gordon 50/1
2024 · 5 runs
17 Jul 24+8d Uttoxeter B3 Wealth Management Handicap Hurdle Class 4 · 16f · Soft · 5 ran 5/5 1 10-8 97—92B Chris Ward 7/2
09 Jul 24+33d Uttoxeter Uttoxeter Racecourse Caravan And Motorhome Site Handicap Hurdle (Div 2) Class 5 · 16f · Soft · 7 ran UR/7 — 11-9 97—— Chris Ward 5/1
06 Jun 24+11d Uttoxeter Download The Raceday Ready App Handicap Hurdle Class 5 · 16f · Good · 9 ran 2/9 ½ 11-1 8896A114A Chris Ward 12/1
26 May 24+25d Uttoxeter Scott Mills Race Night 15th June Handicap Hurdle Class 4 · 16f · Soft · 6 ran 1/6 10-4 88102A115B Chris Ward 18/1
01 May 24+331d Wolverhampton (AW) Get The Inside Track With Raceday-ready.com Amateur Jockeys' Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 9 ran 7/9 5½ 10-1 5088C49C Mr Cameron Hillhouse 40/1
2023 · 4 runs
05 Jun 23+11d Wolverhampton (AW) At The Races App Expert Tips Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 13 ran 13/13 10 8-13 5264C46C Joe Leavy 25/1
25 May 23+22d Wolverhampton (AW) Sky Sports Racing Sky 415 Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 10 ran 4/10 3 8-8 52105A57A Joe Leavy 12/1
03 May 23+33d Wolverhampton (AW) Download The At The Races App Amateur Jockeys' Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 11 ran 1/11 10-1 5077A63A Miss Heidi Palin 14/1
31 Mar 23+152d Southwell (AW) Top Odds Every Day With BetUK Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 13 ran 11/13 ½ 9-6 5268C54C William Cox 33/1
2022 · 14 runs
30 Oct 22+16d Huntingdon Watch Every Race On Racing TV Claiming Hurdle Class 5 · 16f · Good · 5 ran 1/5 10-9 92110C115B Chris Ward 3/1
14 Oct 22+12d Uttoxeter Quinnbet Handicap Hurdle Class 5 · 16f · Good · 8 ran 3/8 1¼ 10-10 9298A105A Chris Ward 15/2
02 Oct 22+19d Uttoxeter Follow BresBet On Twitter Handicap Hurdle (Div 1) Class 5 · 16f · Good To Soft · 10 ran 3/10 hd 11-2 9287A108A Chris Ward 11/1
13 Sep 22+55d Wolverhampton (AW) At The Races App Form Study Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 6 ran 4/6 8½ 9-3 5482A51B Gina Mangan 25/1
20 Jul 22+9d Southwell (AW) At The Races App Form Study Handicap Class 6 · 14f · Standard To Slow · 9 ran 6/9 28 8-13 5573C49C Aled Beech 22/1
11 Jul 22+15d Wolverhampton (AW) Sky Sports Racing Hd Virgin 535 Amateur Jockeys' Handicap Class 5 · 14f · Standard · 11 ran 8/11 5 9-4 5588C44C Joe Leavy 25/1
26 Jun 22+28d Uttoxeter Bet Boost At bet365 Handicap Hurdle Class 5 · 16f · Good · 12 ran 9/12 1¼ 11-8 9764C84C Chris Ward 25/1
29 May 22+10d Uttoxeter Cazoo Handicap Hurdle Class 4 · 16f · Good · 8 ran 7/8 1¼ 10-12 10279A90A Chris Ward 10/1
19 May 22+13d Wolverhampton (AW) At The Races App Expert Tips Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard · 13 ran 1/13 9-4 53104B69A William Cox 22/1
06 May 22+19d Wolverhampton (AW) Sky Sports Racing Sky 415 Handicap Class 6 · 14f · Standard · 5 ran 3/5 4¾ 9-7 53103C60B Eoin Walsh 17/2
17 Apr 22+22d Southwell (AW) At The Races App Form Study Handicap Class 6 · 16.5f · Standard To Slow · 7 ran 2/7 ½ 8-13 53111A63A William Cox 11/1
26 Mar 22+15d Stratford 17th July Is Ladies Day Selling Hurdle Class 5 · 18.5f · Good · 8 ran 2/8 29 10-11 10884B100C Chris Ward 10/1
11 Mar 22+17d Wolverhampton (AW) Betway Apprentice Handicap Class 6 · 14f · Standard · 7 ran 5/7 ¾ 9-0 5487A59A Callum Hutchinson 18/1
22 Feb 22+133d Southwell (AW) BetYourWay At Betway Handicap Class 6 · 14f · Standard To Slow · 12 ran 3/12 2¼ 8-13 5589A61A William Cox 200/1
2021 · 9 runs
12 Oct 21+14d Leicester Visit racingtv.com Handicap Class 5 · 10f · Good To Soft · 14 ran 10/14 ¾ 9-2 6068C53C Rob Hornby 80/1
28 Sep 21+20d Worcester Cazoo Handicap Hurdle Class 4 · 16f · Good To Soft · 10 ran PU/10 — 10-13 114—— Tristan Durrell 100/1
08 Sep 21+6d Uttoxeter Wayne Contracts Handicap Hurdle Class 3 · 20f · Good · 9 ran 8/9 14 10-7 11953C96C Tristan Durrell 50/1
02 Sep 21+43d Haydock Bet At Racingtv.com Amateur Jockeys' Handicap Class 5 · 11.5f · Good To Firm · 10 ran 10/10 8 10-3 6463C48C Tristan Durrell 125/1
21 Jul 21+9d Leicester Leicester Racecourse Ideal Venue For Meetings & Conferences Handicap Class 5 · 12f · Good To Firm · 6 ran 6/6 27 9-5 6880C47C Eoin Walsh 40/1
12 Jul 21+18d Wolverhampton (AW) Sky Sports Racing HD Virgin 535 Handicap Class 5 · 14f · Standard · 6 ran 6/6 26 8-8 6862C48C Christian Howarth 100/1
24 Jun 21+16d Nottingham Racing TV Extra 'Hands N Heels' Apprentice Handicap Class 5 · 14f · Good · 12 ran 6/12 1¼ 9-7 7093A71A Christian Howarth 150/1
08 Jun 21+38d Wolverhampton (AW) Download The At The Races App Handicap Class 4 · 16.5f · Standard · 6 ran 6/6 19 8-11 7594C64C Rob Hornby 66/1
01 May 21+142d Hexham Sky Sports Racing Selling Hurdle Class 4 · 16f · Good To Soft · 10 ran 2/10 4½ 11-8 124132C138A Charlie Hammond 5/1
2020 · 6 runs
10 Dec 20+11d Taunton Kings College Taunton Selling Hurdle Class 5 · 16.5f · Good To Soft · 6 ran 3/6 1¾ 11-7 12690A118B Charlie Hammond 11/10
29 Nov 20+28d Leicester Visit Racingtv.com Selling Hurdle Class 4 · 15.5f · Soft · 5 ran 3/5 7 11-8 12689C113B Sam Twiston-Davies 5/6F
01 Nov 20+38d Huntingdon Download The MansionBet App Claiming Hurdle Class 5 · 16f · Good · 8 ran 1/8 11-10 126110A143B Sam Twiston-Davies EvensF
24 Sep 20+19d Perth Jet Master Handicap Hurdle Class 4 · 16f · Good To Soft · 11 ran 1/11 11-10 113115A147A Sam Twiston-Davies 6/1
05 Sep 20+44d Stratford Watch On Racing TV Conditional Jockeys' Selling Handicap Hurdle Class 5 · 18.5f · Good · 8 ran 4/8 nk 10-13 11592A104A Cillin Leonard 9/4J
23 Jul 20+327d Uttoxeter Millions Dream Racing Handicap Hurdle Class 4 · 16f · Good · 12 ran 4/12 2 11-4 115116A128A Sam Twiston-Davies 6/1
2019 · 8 runs
31 Aug 19+14d Sandown Betway Casino Handicap Class 4 · 10f · Good To Firm · 6 ran 5/6 8 9-9 8058A61B Liam Keniry 10/1
17 Aug 19+17d Perth Horizon Parking Stone Of Destiny Handicap Hurdle Class 2 · 16f · Heavy · 4 ran 2/4 ¾ 10-13 115—120B Sam Twiston-Davies 5/4F
31 Jul 19+11d Perth Heineken UK Handicap Hurdle Class 3 · 16f · Good To Soft · 9 ran 2/9 2½ 11-3 114136A118A Sam Twiston-Davies 4/1F
20 Jul 19+20d Market Rasen Betway Summer Handicap Hurdle (Listed) Class 1 · 16.5f · Good · 15 ran 10/15 2¼ 10-0 114105B105A Sean Bowen 11/2
30 Jun 19+7d Uttoxeter Bet365.com Handicap Hurdle Class 5 · 16f · Good · 12 ran 1/12 11-11 8996B136A Sean Bowen 4/7F
23 Jun 19+27d Southwell Sky Sports Racing Sky 415 Novices' Handicap Hurdle Class 5 · 15.5f · Good To Soft · 7 ran 1/7 11-1 8988A131B Sam Twiston-Davies 10/11F
27 May 19+21d Huntingdon Boongate Kia Stonic Handicap Hurdle Class 5 · 16f · Good · 12 ran 2/12 9 11-0 88120A109A Sam Twiston-Davies 11/2
06 May 19+288d Warwick Irish Thoroughbred Marketing Novices' Hurdle Class 4 · 19f · Good · 7 ran 7/7 14 11-0 —90C98C Sam Twiston-Davies 18/1
2018 · 3 runs
22 Jul 18+13d Stratford Shakespeare Media Novices' Hurdle Class 3 · 16.5f · Good · 7 ran 5/7 1¾ 10-12 —54C84C Sam Twiston-Davies 20/1
09 Jul 18+37d Worcester 7bets4free.com Fixed Brush Hurdle Series Maiden Hurdle (Div 1) Class 5 · 16f · Good To Firm · 9 ran 9/9 2½ 11-0 —79C82C Richard Johnson 9/2
02 Jun 18+257d Worcester 7bets4free.com Fixed Brush Hurdle Series Maiden Hurdle Class 4 · 20f · Good · 10 ran PU/10 — 11-0 ——— Sam Twiston-Davies 5/4F
2017 · 4 runs
18 Sep 17+95d Saint-Cloud (FR) Prix De La Vallee De Chevreuse (Handicap) (4yo+) (Turf) 12f · Heavy · 16 ran 4/16 ½ 9-6 ——— Mme Maryline Eon 77/10
15 Jun 17+29d Saint-Cloud (FR) Prix du Mandinet (Handicap) (4yo) (Turf) 12f · Good · 17 ran 2/17 1¼ 9-6 ——— Mme Maryline Eon 38/1
17 May 17+28d Maisons-Laffitte (FR) Prix le Capucin (Conditions) (4yo+) (Turf) 12f · Good · 10 ran 7/10 1¾ 9-3 ——— Aurelien Lemaitre 10/1
19 Apr 17+206d Saint-Cloud (FR) Prix Cappiello (Conditions) (4yo) (Turf) 12.5f · Good · 9 ran 4/9 2½ 8-13 ——— Mlle Maryline Eon 6/1
2016 · 3 runs
25 Sep 16+83d Craon Prix Voyages Escape (Prix Onde Amere) 11f · Good To Soft · 4 ran 3/4 ¾ 9-0 ——— Mlle Maryline Eon 27/1
04 Jul 16+106d Nantes (FR) Derby de l'Ouest - Haras du Saz () (3yo) (Turf) 12f · Good To Soft · 5 ran 4/5 nk 9-2 ——— Guillaume Fourrier 12/1
20 Mar 16 Saint-Brieuc Prix de Saint-Cloud (Turf) 12f · Very Soft · 11 ran 1/11 8-11 ——— Adrien Fouassier 5/2F

Quick answers

How many races has Chef De Troupe won?
Chef De Troupe (FR) won 9 of 60 archived starts between 2016 and 2025, a strike rate of 15%. Placed 20 times in total (33.3% of starts).
Who trained Chef De Troupe?
Chef De Troupe (FR) was trained by Tony Forbes on the most recent run on record, at Wolverhampton (AW) on 22 July 2025.
Who is Chef De Troupe's sire?
Chef De Troupe (FR) is by Air Chief Marshal (IRE) out of Tazminya (GB), whose sire is Fantastic Light.
What going does Chef De Troupe prefer?
Chef De Troupe (FR) has the best record on soft going: 2 wins from 5 starts (40%). Only going bands with at least three archived starts are read, so this is a direction rather than a settled preference.
What is Chef De Troupe's official rating?
The most recent official rating on record is 45, from the run on 22 July 2025. The highest on record is 126.
What is Chef De Troupe's sire's record?
Air Chief Marshal (IRE)'s progeny in our archive have won 8.6% of 1,983 runs since Jan 2008 (190 horses), Flat and jumps together. Weakest on standard (aw) going: 5.2% from 672. Strongest over 1m5f – 2m (all codes): 14.3% from 266. Weakest over 1m – 1m1f (all codes): 5.3% from 565.
Who are Chef De Troupe's siblings?
Out of Tazminya (GB), Chef De Troupe (FR) has 2 other produce in our archive, 1 of them a winner. Most wins: Tazka (FR) (2). Highest grade won: Class 4 (Tazka (FR)). The wins came over 2m1½f–2m5½f. As at Oct 2026.

Record shown from March 2016. Our archive holds racing in Great Britain, Ireland and France from January 2005. Runs in other countries are not in it, and earlier runs are not available from our data provider. In-running comments are available from 2024 onward.