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Horse profile

Mahrajaan (USA)

11yo gelding (at last run, Sep 2014) · Last trainer C Byrnes · Last owner White Black Syndicate
by Machiavellian (USA) out of Karen S (USA) (Kris S)
74 runs · 29 courses · from Oct 2005
As at 5 Nov 2026 · KTB archive: GB, Ireland & France · 2005–present, updated daily
No run recorded since 17 Sep 2014 — 4,431 days ago. Our archive can't say whether the horse is still in training.
Last run Sep 2014 · 1st of 13 Won last time out 8 wins · 7 courses Last raced off OR 46
KTB Profile

Mahrajaan (USA) is 8 from 74. Won last time out at Listowel, off a mark 5lb below the previous winning one.

Based on 74 archived runs · updated 5 Nov 2026
KTB at a glance OR ↓ 88lb off peak
Official rating46↓ 88lb off peak
46 46–134

KTB Speed and Rating

KTB Speed

No KTB Speed figures for this horse. The engine scores GB and Irish racing from Oct 2016; runs elsewhere, or earlier, have no figure.

KTB Speed v1 · batch 15 Sep 2026 · GB & Irish racing only · 0 figures from 0 runs · a record, not a forecast

KTB Rating

Best recent KTB Rating (flat) 73A the best of the last 3 rated runs · Listowel, 17 Sep 2014 Official rating 46 at the last flat run, 17 Sep 2014

Best recent KTB Rating (jumps) 122A the best of the last 3 rated runs · Cork, 4 Aug 2014 Official rating 108 at the last jumps run, 22 Aug 2014

What the horse achieved in each race, in pounds on the official-rating scale, from the weight carried, the lengths beaten and the race's own level solved across the archive — never the market, never the official rating as a starting point. The headline is the best of the horse's last three rated runs on that code — its best recent day. The KTB Rating on a racecard is a different reading of the same figures: the level the horse has been running to, an average of up to its last six runs with the latest counting most, so the two can differ. A, B or C on a run is how much known form was in that race. What this means →

Flat 24 figures · best 76A · median 65.5
GoingRunsBestMedianSince 5 Nov 2025
Good1073A66.5—
Good to Firm876A67—
Soft364C60—
Standard (AW)256C55—
Good to Soft1———
DistanceRunsBestMedianSince 5 Nov 2025
1m2f – 1m4f1176A67—
1m – 1m1f675C65.5—
6f – 7f673C64.5—
1m5f – 2m1———
Jumps 45 figures · best 129A · median 114
GoingRunsBestMedianSince 5 Nov 2025
Good22129A115—
Soft10126C114—
Good to Firm8126A111.5—
Good to Soft2116A115.5—
Heavy2109C107—
Firm1———
DistanceRunsBestMedianSince 5 Nov 2025
2m1f – 2m4f25129A115—
1m5f – 2m20126A112.5—

Of 74 runs looked at, 5 have no figure: did not complete (or a non-runner row) (5).

KTB Rating v1 · batch 3 Oct 2026 · GB & Irish racing only · 69 figures from 74 runs · as at 4 Oct 2026 · a record, not a forecast

Both figures are KTB's own, computed from the archive; no vendor rating enters either. Every run's figure is on its form line below with its grade. Grades measure how much the archive could see, never the merit of the run.

Run style is derived from in-running commentary, which our data provider does not supply for this horse's races.

Pedigree intelligence

Sire
Machiavellian (USA)

Progeny in our archive have won 8% of 1,598 runs since Jan 2008 (74 horses).

GoingRunsWinsSRvs sireThis horse
Firm13215.4%+7.41 from 1
Good to Firm292217.2%−0.82 from 16
Good370246.5%−1.53 from 34
Good to Soft170127.1%−0.90 from 4
Soft221188.1%+0.12 from 14
Heavy68913.2%+5.20 from 3
Standard (AW)464429.1%+1.10 from 2
Distance (all codes)RunsWinsSRvs sireThis horse
Under 6f6346.3%−1.7—
6f – 7f368349.2%+1.21 from 6
1m – 1m1f264155.7%−2.30 from 6
1m2f – 1m4f310289%+11 from 11
1m5f – 2m337288.3%+0.33 from 23
2m1f – 2m4f206167.8%−0.23 from 28
2m5f – 3m4636.5%−1.5—
Over 3m400%−8—

Flat and jumps together (all codes) · since Jan 2008 · as at 4 Nov 2026 · rows under 30 runs muted · win % is the measure, a record not a forecast

Dam
Karen S (USA) (Kris S)

1 sibling in the archive, 0 winners.

ProduceRunsWinsWin tripsBest grade
Imlaak (GB)120——

Record by conditions

GoingRunsWinsSR£1
Good 34 3 9% −14.50
Good to Firm 16 2 13% −7.75
Soft 14 2 14% +7.00
Good to Soft 4 0 0% −4.00
Heavy 3 0 0% −3.00
Standard (AW) 2 0 0% −2.00
Firm 1 1 100% +1.10

ClassRunsWinsSR£1
Class 4 4 0 0% −4.00
Class 5 3 1 33% −0.25
Class 2 1 0 0% −1.00

CourseRunsWinsSR£1
Tipperary 8 2 25% −1.90
Cork 7 0 0% −7.00
Limerick 7 0 0% −7.00
Killarney 6 1 17% +2.00
Ballinrobe 5 1 20% −1.50
Punchestown 4 0 0% −4.00
Listowel 3 1 33% +5.00
Leopardstown 3 0 0% −3.00
Gowran Park 3 1 33% +14.00
Fairyhouse 2 0 0% −2.00
Bellewstown 2 0 0% −2.00
Kilbeggan 2 0 0% −2.00
Wexford 2 0 0% −2.00
Roscommon 2 0 0% −2.00
Tralee 2 0 0% −2.00
Tipperary (IRE) 2 0 0% −2.00
Newbury 2 0 0% −2.00
Down Royal 1 1 100% +4.50
Thurles 1 0 0% −1.00
Cheltenham 1 0 0% −1.00
Tramore 1 0 0% −1.00
Sedgefield 1 0 0% −1.00
Dundalk (AW) 1 0 0% −1.00
Limerick (IRE) 1 0 0% −1.00
Curragh (IRE) 1 0 0% −1.00
Kempton (AW) 1 0 0% −1.00
Chester 1 0 0% −1.00
Warwick 1 1 100% +1.75
Yarmouth 1 0 0% −1.00

DistanceRunsWinsSR£1
2m1f – 2m4f 28 3 11% +0.50
1m5f – 2m 23 3 13% −11.40
1m2f – 1m4f 11 1 9% −3.00
1m – 1m1f 6 0 0% −6.00
6f – 7f 6 1 17% −3.25

JockeyRunsWinsSR£1
Barry Geraghty 7 1 14% −3.50
Davy Russell 6 0 0% −6.00
P W Flood 5 0 0% −5.00
Richard Hills 5 1 20% −2.25
Tom Madden 4 2 50% +9.50
Denis O'Regan 4 2 50% +2.10
Phillip Enright 3 1 33% +5.00
David Splaine 3 0 0% −3.00
Davy Condon 3 0 0% −3.00
Mark Enright 2 0 0% −2.00
Stephen Gray 2 0 0% −2.00
Eddie Power 2 0 0% −2.00
Tom Doyle 2 1 50% +15.00
Pat Smullen 2 0 0% −2.00
Andrew Ring 1 0 0% −1.00
Miss K Harrington 1 0 0% −1.00
Charlie Elliott 1 0 0% −1.00
Kieren Fallon 1 0 0% −1.00
Pierce Gallagher 1 0 0% −1.00
Kevin Manning 1 0 0% −1.00
Rachael Blackmore 1 0 0% −1.00
Fran Berry 1 0 0% −1.00
Liam McKenna 1 0 0% −1.00
Shane Gray 1 0 0% −1.00
Patrick Corbett 1 0 0% −1.00
Paul Carberry 1 0 0% −1.00
Keith Donoghue 1 0 0% −1.00
Niall P Madden 1 0 0% −1.00
Robert Jones 1 0 0% −1.00
Alain Cawley 1 0 0% −1.00
Paddy Brennan 1 0 0% −1.00
Paul Townend 1 0 0% −1.00
Emmet McNamara 1 0 0% −1.00
M A Cleere 1 0 0% −1.00
J F Levins 1 0 0% −1.00
Colm O'Donoghue 1 0 0% −1.00
Cathy Gannon 1 0 0% −1.00
Jimmy Fortune 1 0 0% −1.00

HeadgearRunsWinsSR£1
None 66 5 8% −36.65
Cheekpieces 8 3 38% +13.50

SeasonRunsWinsSR£1
2014 11 3 27% +10.50
2013 13 0 0% −13.00
2012 5 0 0% −5.00
2011 9 1 11% +8.00
2010 8 1 13% −4.50
2009 8 0 0% −8.00
2008 5 0 0% −5.00
2007 9 2 22% −2.90
2006 5 1 20% −2.25
2005 1 0 0% −1.00

TypeRunsWinsSR£1
Chase 28 3 11% +0.50
Flat 24 3 13% −7.75
Hurdle 22 2 9% −15.90

Splits include every sample, however small — muted rows are under 3 runs. A one-from-one record is a fact, not a trend: read the Runs column before the strike rate.

Form

DateCourseRace PosBtn Wgt ORKTB Jockey SP
2014 · 11 runs
17 Sep 14+5d Listowel Seamus Mulvaney Handicap 1m4f · Good · 13 ran 1/13 8-0 4673A Tom Madden 7/1
12 Sep 14+21d Down Royal Charles Hurst Premium Apprentice Handicap (47-65) 1m5f · Good To Firm · 14 ran 1/14 9-1 5166A Tom Madden 9/2
22 Aug 14+14d Killarney Download The Free Racing Post Mobile App Handicap Hurdle (Grade C) 2m1f · Good · 15 ran 9/15 nk 9-3 108100A Andrew Ring 15/2
08 Aug 14+4d Tipperary Follow Tipperary Races On Facebook (ladies) Handicap 1m4½f · Good To Firm · 10 ran 3/10 ¾ 9-9 5171A Miss K Harrington 5/1
04 Aug 14+20d Cork Cork Handicap Hurdle (81-123) 2m · Good · 9 ran 3/9 7½ 10-12 108122A Davy Russell 10/1
15 Jul 14+5d Killarney Bourn Vincent Memorial Handicap Chase (grade C) 2m1f · Good · 10 ran 1/10 9-13 116120A Phillip Enright 7/1
10 Jul 14+20d Leopardstown Follow Leopardstown On Facebook Apprentice Handicap 1m4f · Soft · 11 ran 4/11 5½ 8-7 5160A Tom Madden 8/1
20 Jun 14+22d Limerick 6th July All American Race Day Apprentice Handicap (47-65) 1m3½f · Good · 13 ran 2/13 ¾ 8-10 4970A Tom Madden 7/1
29 May 14+12d Fairyhouse Book Your Stag Or Hen Party At Fairyhouse Apprentice Handicap (47-65) 1m2f · Yielding To Soft · 18 ran 13/18 1¼ 8-11 5047A Charlie Elliott 12/1
17 May 14+16d Punchestown Brady Family Ham Supporting Kildare Gaa Handicap Chase 2m · Good · 8 ran 4/8 2 9-12 119109A Phillip Enright 12/1
01 May 14+193d Punchestown Colm Murray Memorial Handicap Hurdle (88-123) 2m · Good To Yielding · 25 ran 8/25 ¾ 10-12 109116A Davy Russell 20/1
2013 · 13 runs
20 Oct 13+6d Cork Cork Racecourse Kinsale Handicap Chase (grade B) 2m · Good · 10 ran 3/10 8½ 10-2 119118A David Splaine 16/1
14 Oct 13+8d Limerick Betfair Cash Out Flat & National Hunt Champion Jockeys Handicap (50-80) 1m3½f · Good · 13 ran 6/13 ¾ 9-8 5357A Kieren Fallon 3/1
06 Oct 13+17d Tipperary Woodlands Hotel Adare Handicap Hurdle 2m · Good · 14 ran 5/14 ¾ 9-10 109112A Pierce Gallagher 9/1
19 Sep 13+15d Listowel Ladbrokes Handicap Hurdle (grade C) 2m · Soft · 14 ran 6/14 1¼ 9-11 109113A Phillip Enright 16/1
04 Sep 13+26d Gowran Park Goresbridge Handicap (47-65) 1m4f · Good To Firm · 16 ran 2/16 ½ 8-12 4976A Kevin Manning 5/1
09 Aug 13+3d Tipperary Dan Dooley Ford Centre (Ladies) Handicap 1m4½f · Good · 14 ran 4/14 1½ 9-8 5058A Rachael Blackmore 6/1
06 Aug 13+22d Cork 'Tote Trifecta Rollover' Handicap (47-65) (Div 2) 1m4f · Good · 16 ran 6/16 nse 9-1 5068A Fran Berry 4/1J
15 Jul 13+10d Killarney Racing Post Handicap Chase 2m1f · Good To Firm · 7 ran 4/7 ½ 9-9 119111B Mark Enright 7/1
05 Jul 13+14d Bellewstown Fast Shipping Bellewstown Handicap Hurdle 2m1f · Good To Firm · 15 ran 6/15 4¼ 9-8 110107A Mark Enright 16/1
21 Jun 13+15d Limerick Greenmount Apprentice Handicap (47-65) 1m3½f · Good · 15 ran 4/15 2 8-12 5067A Liam McKenna 3/1
06 Jun 13+42d Tipperary Pride Of Tipperary Gathering 27th June Handicap Hurdle (81-123) 2m · Good To Firm · 19 ran 2/19 ¾ 10-11 106126A Davy Russell 4/1F
25 Apr 13+18d Punchestown Bibby Financial Services Handicap Chase 2m · Heavy · 15 ran UR/15 — 9-6 119— David Splaine 33/1
07 Apr 13+239d Limerick Martinstown Opportunity Handicap Chase 2m3½f · Good · 11 ran 7/11 2½ 11-0 120114A Stephen Gray 14/1
2012 · 5 runs
11 Aug 12+26d Kilbeggan Hackett's Bookmakers Handicap Chase 2m4f · Good · 13 ran 7/13 nk 11-1 121115A Barry Geraghty 5/1
16 Jul 12+76d Killarney Aer Lingus Handicap Chase 2m1f · Yielding · 10 ran 3/10 1½ 10-11 119121A Barry Geraghty 16/1
01 May 12+30d Ballinrobe P & D Lydon Plant Hire Handicap Chase (0-123) 2m1f · Good · 13 ran 5/13 1 11-10 121129A Barry Geraghty 10/1
01 Apr 12+85d Limerick Martinstown Opportunity Handicap Chase 2m3½f · Good · 8 ran 4/8 1¾ 11-1 121125A Stephen Gray 14/1
07 Jan 12+35d Thurles Beamish Stout Phil Sweeney Memorial Chase (Grade 3) 2m2f · Heavy · 5 ran 4/5 48 11-3 122109C Eddie Power 33/1
2011 · 9 runs
03 Dec 11+22d Fairyhouse Bar One Racing Ballyhack Handicap Chase (grade B) 2m1f · Soft To Heavy · 12 ran 5/12 ½ 9-12 123105A David Splaine 20/1
11 Nov 11+42d Cheltenham Paddypower.com On Mobile Handicap Chase Class 2 · 2m · Good · 17 ran F/17 — 11-1 134— Tom Doyle 33/1
30 Sep 11+51d Gowran Park Ballyhane Handicap Chase 2m2f · Soft · 11 ran 1/11 10-12 118121A Tom Doyle 16/1
10 Aug 11+24d Gowran Park Derrinstown Stud Apprentice Handicap (47-65) 1m1½f · Good · 17 ran 15/17 3 9-5 5853C Shane Gray 20/1
17 Jul 11+16d Tipperary Packie Downey Memorial Chase 2m1f · Good To Yielding · 9 ran 3/9 ¾ 11-5 118115B Patrick Corbett 33/1
01 Jul 11+65d Wexford Audrey McGrath Memorial Chase 2m3f · Good · 11 ran 6/11 1 11-10 118109A Paul Carberry 16/1
27 Apr 11+18d Ballinrobe P & D Lydon Plant Hire Handicap Chase (0-123) 2m1f · Good · 8 ran 2/8 ¾ 11-6 114122A Davy Russell 11/4F
09 Apr 11+20d Tramore Graun Hill Handicap Hurdle (80-109) 2m · Good · 16 ran 13/16 5 11-12 109109C Davy Condon 20/1
20 Mar 11+186d Cork 3 Day Easter Festival Handicap Hurdle 2m · Yielding To Soft · 14 ran 12/14 4 10-9 11190C Eddie Power 25/1
2010 · 8 runs
15 Sep 10+24d Listowel Seamus Mulvaney Handicap Chase (0-123) 2m1f · Good To Yielding · 16 ran F/16 — 11-3 114— Barry Geraghty 9/1
22 Aug 10+20d Ballinrobe Corrib Oil Handicap Chase (0-116) 2m1f · Good · 6 ran 1/6 11-8 107127B Barry Geraghty 5/2
02 Aug 10+20d Cork Cork Handicap Hurdle (81-123) 2m · Yielding · 11 ran 7/11 2½ 11-6 113109C Keith Donoghue 12/1
13 Jul 10+9d Killarney McSweeney Arms Hotel Handicap Chase (0-116) 2m1f · Yielding · 14 ran 5/14 3½ 11-3 107115A Davy Condon 10/1
04 Jul 10+23d Limerick 22nd July Twilight Racing Beginners Chase 2m1f · Good To Firm · 15 ran 4/15 3 11-12 107112A Niall P Madden 14/1
11 Jun 10+28d Wexford Slaney Handicap Chase 2m1f · Good · 11 ran F/11 — 10-6 105— Davy Condon 12/1
14 May 10+24d Cork Mallow Town Summer Bbq Race Evening Beginners Chase 2m · Good To Firm · 17 ran 6/17 1¾ 11-12 10598A P W Flood 11/2
20 Apr 10+184d Punchestown '3' Handicap Hurdle (0-140) (grade C) 2m · Good · 25 ran 19/25 4½ 9-8 11485C Robert Jones 25/1
2009 · 8 runs
18 Oct 09+14d Cork Kinsale Handicap Chase (Grade B) 2m · Good · 9 ran 7/9 nk 9-10 10590A Alain Cawley 20/1
04 Oct 09+26d Tipperary Friends Of Tipperary Hurdle (grade 2) 2m · Good To Firm · 4 ran 4/4 3½ 11-4 114114B P W Flood 16/1
08 Sep 09+29d Sedgefield True Colour Digital Novices' Chase Class 4 · 2m½f · Good To Firm · 11 ran 9/11 hd 11-0 11886C Paddy Brennan 12/1
10 Aug 09+36d Ballinrobe Broderick Electrical Beginners Chase 2m1f · Yielding To Soft · 14 ran 7/14 4½ 11-12 —101A Davy Russell 16/1
05 Jul 09+20d Limerick Twilight Racing Beginners Chase (Div 1) 2m1f · Good · 16 ran 6/16 1¾ 11-12 —99A Paul Townend 4/1
15 Jun 09+8d Ballinrobe Martin Tyrrell Auctioneers Tuam & Headfort Beginners Chase 2m1f · Good To Firm · 13 ran 3/13 4 11-12 —119A Davy Russell 7/1
07 Jun 09+10d Roscommon Dermot Hughes Toyota Car Sales Handicap (50-80) 1m2f · Good To Firm · 12 ran 12/12 ½ 8-10 6756A Emmet McNamara 14/1
28 May 09+240d Leopardstown Gaisce - The President's Award Apprentice Handicap (50-70) 1m · Good · 20 ran 15/20 nk 9-11 6765A M A Cleere 25/1
2008 · 5 runs
30 Sep 08+33d Tralee Brandon Hotel Handicap Hurdle 2m1f · Yielding To Soft · 14 ran 12/14 ¾ 10-6 11597C P W Flood 14/1
28 Aug 08+39d Bellewstown Murphy Environmental Handicap Hurdle (81-130) 2m1f · Good · 15 ran 7/15 ¾ 11-2 118122A P W Flood 14/1
20 Jul 08+70d Tipperary (IRE) Kevin McManus Bookmaker Grimes Hurdle 2m · Good · 10 ran 6/10 ½ 11-4 118120A P W Flood 25/1
11 May 08+23d Killarney Murphys Irish Stout Handicap Hurdle 2m1f · Good · 18 ran 14/18 6 10-5 11994A J F Levins 25/1
18 Apr 08+187d Dundalk (AW) David Lysaght Basecamp Handicap (50-80) 1m · Standard · 14 ran 12/14 nk 9-5 7054C Colm O'Donoghue 12/1
2007 · 9 runs
14 Oct 07+7d Limerick (IRE) Michael Punch & Partners Hurdle 2m2f · Good · 10 ran 6/10 5 11-3 119115C Barry Geraghty 7/2
07 Oct 07+24d Tipperary (IRE) Ballykisteen Hotel & Golf Resort Joe Mac Novice Hurdle 2m · Good · 9 ran 2/9 2 11-1 109126C Barry Geraghty 10/1
13 Sep 07+19d Tipperary Super Sunday Novice Hurdle 2m · Firm · 7 ran 1/7 11-7 102111C Denis O'Regan 11/10F
25 Aug 07+16d Tralee Fels Point Hotel 4-y-o Handicap Hurdle 2m1f · Yielding To Soft · 7 ran PU/7 — 10-2 102— Denis O'Regan 11/2
09 Aug 07+20d Tipperary Tipperary Professionals Maiden Hurdle 2m · Yielding · 16 ran 1/16 11-7 —121C Denis O'Regan 3/1F
20 Jul 07+16d Kilbeggan www.kilbegganraces.com Maiden Hurdle 2m · Soft · 14 ran 2/14 ¾ 11-6 —126C Denis O'Regan 9/1
04 Jul 07+24d Leopardstown 'Des Kernan Memorial' Handicap (60-90) 7f · Yielding To Soft · 12 ran 6/12 hd 9-7 7064C Pat Smullen 7/1
10 Jun 07+15d Roscommon Dermot Hughes Toyota Car Sales Handicap (50-80) 7f · Good To Firm · 13 ran 5/13 1 10-0 7470C Pat Smullen 7/1
26 May 07+262d Curragh (IRE) boylesports.com Handicap (Premier Handicap) 1m · Good To Firm · 18 ran 10/18 hd 8-4 7968C Cathy Gannon 20/1
2006 · 5 runs
06 Sep 06+54d Kempton (AW) TFM Networks Handicap Class 4 · 7f · Standard · 14 ran 12/14 ½ 9-1 7956C Jimmy Fortune 14/1
14 Jul 06+20d Chester Ethel Austin Properties Handicap Class 4 · 7½f · Good To Firm · 8 ran 8/8 10 9-6 7941C Richard Hills 11/4F
24 Jun 06+24d Warwick Wroxall Abbey Maiden Stakes Class 5 · 7f · Good To Firm · 8 ran 1/8 9-0 7965C Richard Hills 7/4
31 May 06+39d Yarmouth totetrifecta Maiden Stakes (Div 1) Class 5 · 7f · Good · 11 ran 3/11 1 8-13 7973C Richard Hills 5/2F
22 Apr 06+183d Newbury Dubai Airport Maiden Stks (Str) (Div 2) Class 5 · 1m · Good · 10 ran 3/10 nk 9-3 —66C Richard Hills 15/2
2005 · 1 run
21 Oct 05 Newbury E.B.F. Greene King IPA Maiden Stakes (Str) (Div 1) Class 4 · 1m · Good To Soft · 17 ran 4/17 2 9-0 —75C Richard Hills 10/1

Quick answers

How many races has Mahrajaan won?
Mahrajaan (USA) won 8 of 74 archived starts between 2005 and 2014, a strike rate of 10.8%. Placed 22 times in total (29.7% of starts).
Who trained Mahrajaan?
Mahrajaan (USA) was trained by C Byrnes on the most recent run on record, at Listowel on 17 September 2014.
Who is Mahrajaan's sire?
Mahrajaan (USA) is by Machiavellian (USA) out of Karen S (USA), whose sire is Kris S.
What going does Mahrajaan prefer?
Mahrajaan (USA) has the best record on soft going: 2 wins from 14 starts (14.3%). Only going bands with at least three archived starts are read, so this is a direction rather than a settled preference.
What is Mahrajaan's official rating?
The most recent official rating on record is 46, from the run on 17 September 2014. The highest on record is 134.
What is Mahrajaan's sire's record?
Machiavellian (USA)'s progeny in our archive have won 8% of 1,598 runs since Jan 2008 (74 horses), Flat and jumps together.
Who are Mahrajaan's siblings?
Out of Karen S (USA), Mahrajaan (USA) has 1 other produce in our archive, 0 of them winners. As at Nov 2026.

Record shown from October 2005. Our archive holds racing in Great Britain, Ireland and France from January 2005. Any runs before that, or in other countries, are not in it. In-running comments are available from 2024 onward.